What is the purpose of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps are critical devices on an aircraft's wings that serve several important functions, primarily enhancing lift at lower speeds, particularly during takeoff and landing phases. When deployed, flaps increase the surface area of the wing as well as its curvature, which alters the airflow characteristics. This additional lift allows the aircraft to fly safely at lower speeds, making it easier for pilots to approach for landing and take off without stalling.

Utilizing flaps effectively allows for shorter landing distances and a better angle of descent, which is essential for maintaining control during these critical phases of flight. While other components of the aircraft are responsible for movement and stabilization, such as ailerons for lateral control and elevators for pitch control, flaps specifically aid in enhancing lift, making option B the accurate choice in this context.